Bluetooth is an industrial specification for PANs "wireless personal area networks". Bluetooth provides a way to connect and exchange information between devices like personal digital assistants (PDAs), mobile phones, laptops, PCs, printers and digital cameras via a secure, low-cost, globally available short range radio frequency.

Bluetooth devices transmit on the 2.4 gigahertz (GHz) radio frequency. Bluetooth devices operate on frequency band between 2.4 to 2.4835 GHz. To avoid interference with other devices operating on the same band, the technology uses a frequency hopping algorithm with 1600 frequency hops per second. The time during which devices operate in a certain frequency is called a time slot and is 625 microseconds in duration. Units in a piconet change frequency at the same time on command from the master unit, based on a pseudo-random hopping sequence. The frequency band is broken up into 79 channels spaced 1 MHz apart. Data is transmitted in frames, which can span 1, 3 or 5 slots.

There are many programs available today that are designed to communicate with devices through COM ports (also called serial ports). With Bluetooth COM ports, Windows XP can allow these programs to communicate using Bluetooth wireless technology. For example, you can synchronize your calendar and contact information on your personal digital assistant (PDA) with your computer by using Bluetooth COM ports.

Many Bluetooth devices are not automatically discoverable. To make each device discoverable, you must attach or turn on the Bluetooth radio adapter for your Windows XP computer, and then set up your device so that Windows XP can find it.

When you make a Bluetooth enabled device discoverable, the device sends radio signals to advertise its location, which enables your computer to recognize the Bluetooth device.

      WEP "Wired Equivalent Privacy" is designed to provide protection by encrypting wireless data as it traverses the airwaves. WEP uses the symmetric cryptography system called RC4 with a user specified key (64 bits and 128 bits) to protect the data. As a result, WEP alone is not enough to protect your data, and coming sections will address this fact with practical solutions such as dynamic WEP, IPSec, and 801.1x authentication. When using WEP, use a 128-bit key. The programs that can crack WEP need to collect a large number of encrypted data to figure out your key. WEP is not flawless, but it is a big deterrent considering there are probably other, more inviting, none WEP networks nearby. Some wireless vendors sell devices that change the encryption key after a set amount of time. Changing the key every 20 minutes would make it just about impossible to break.

Most wireless products now on the market support the WPA "Wi-Fi Protected Access"  encryption protocol, which is considered much stronger, though some older access points have to be replaced to support it. The adoption of the 802.11i standard (marketed as WPA2) makes available a rather better security scheme, when properly configured. As of mid-2005, both Microsoft Windows XP and Mac OS X support WPA2, but on newer equipment only.

      WPAN "Wireless Personal Area Network" is small, in the range of about 10 meters (30 feet). Infrared Data Association (IrDA) and Bluetooth are the main WPAN wireless technologies. The devices that take advantage of a WPAN include PDAs, printers, cameras, cell phones, and access points, to name a few. Bluetooth uses radio waves to transmit data and supports higher data transmission rates (11 Mbps) and uses the 2.4 GHz ISM bandwidth.

      WLAN "Wireless Local Area Network" is greater than WPAN, most 802.11b implementations will have a speed of 1 Mbps and a range of about 500 meters (1500 feet). With a closer proximity to the AP "Access Point", speeds of up to 11 Mbps can be reached. IEEE 802.11b makes use of the 2.4 GHz ISM band and provides speeds from 1 Mbps up to 11 Mbps, with the range about 1500 feet. This standard uses DSSS "Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum" to encode data before transferring it. IEEE 802.11, 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g use CSMA/CA "Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Avoidance" as the protocol in the data link layer.

      Wi-Fi is based on the IEEE 802.11 specifications. There are currently four deployed 802.11 variations: 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n. The b specification was used in the first Wi-Fi products. The g and n variants are the ones most often sold as of 2005.

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